This phase marks the start of extensive hardware and software integration testing on the first of several aircraft built to meet all FAA-conforming standards. It sets the stage for “for credit” flight testing — where FAA test pilots will fly the aircraft — in the final stage of the certification process.

“Beginning this aircraft subsystem testing is the culmination of more than a decade of focused engineering and certification refinements,” said Didier Papadopoulos, President of Aircraft OEM at Joby. “This is the moment where our intended type design, our manufacturing process, and our certification strategy converge into one physical asset. It validates that we can design a safe aircraft and produce it reliably.”

Each of Joby’s TIA aircraft has been produced using the company’s established quality management system and adheres precisely to its intended type design. All components are FAA-conforming and approved under the company’s FAA-authorised test plans, with inspections and sign-offs carried out by FAA Designated Airworthiness Representatives.

Power-on testing is the first major step in preparing the aircraft for “for credit” flight testing, which will begin with Joby’s own test pilots later in 2025, before FAA pilots take over in 2026. The TIA testing programme will validate the aircraft’s safety, reliability, and performance through several key areas:

• Performance Validation: FAA and Joby pilots will test range, speed, and energy management under real-world conditions.
• Control and Handling: Pilots will assess control responsiveness and handling qualities from vertical take-off through cruise and back to hover.
• Maintenance and Operations: Testing will review maintenance procedures, pilot training materials, and verify all onboard systems, including avionics and propulsion redundancies.

Data collected during this phase will inform the FAA’s final determination on granting Type Certification — the critical approval required for Joby to begin commercial operations.

Joby plans to begin commercial passenger services following certification, operating its own fast, quiet, and zero-emissions air taxis in cities around the world, while also selling aircraft to partners and operators.

.